Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Premature ovarian insufficiency is a multifaceted condition with an array of etiologies and sequelae that emerge due to premature loss of ovarian activity in women before the age of 40 years. It is a hypoestrogenic state characterized by elevated gonadotrophin levels and menstrual irregularities attributable to cessation of ovulation with possible implications on fertility. The premature interruption of normal ovarian function at such a young age makes the patient susceptible to a range of immediate and enduring health repercussions that can have a detrimental impact on the physical and psychological well-being of these individuals. It is essential to diagnose the condition promptly and have a comprehensive understanding of the potential accompanying health issues resulting from the lack of estrogen. While there is a substantial availability of literature on premature ovarian insufficiency, there remain numerous facets of this condition that require further exploration. These areas of study include the early identification of at-risk populations to prevent catastrophic events and the development of strategies and interventions aimed at delaying the premature cessation of ovarian function. The cornerstone of management is estrogen therapy, which is administered to alleviate symptoms resulting from estrogen deficiency. This review provides an overview of the comprehension and management of this intricate condition.